Files & Directories
Create, copy, move, rename, and remove files and directories.
mkdir project
Creates a new folder named project.
touch index.html
Creates an empty file, or updates its timestamp if it already exists.
cp file.txt copy.txt
Creates a copy of a file at the specified destination.
mv old.txt new.txt
Moves a file or directory. Changing the destination name renames it.
rm file.txt
Deletes the specified file.
rm -r folder
Recursively removes a directory and everything inside it.
Viewing & Searching
Inspect file contents and search for text, files, and directories.
cat file.txt
Prints the contents of a file directly in the terminal.
less file.txt
Opens file contents in a scrollable terminal viewer.
grep "text" file.txt
Finds lines containing the specified text.
find . -name "*.js"
Searches the current directory and its descendants for JavaScript files.
Processes
Inspect running programs and terminate processes when necessary.
ps
Displays processes associated with the current terminal.
ps aux
Displays running processes with additional information.
kill PID
Sends a termination signal to the process matching the supplied process ID.
Ctrl + C
Interrupts a command or development server running in the current terminal.
Permissions
Inspect and modify file permissions when working with scripts and development tools.
chmod +x script.sh
Adds execute permission to the specified shell script.
sudo command
Executes a command with administrative permissions when required.
Common Utilities
Frequently used commands for development and terminal workflows.
clear
Clears previous terminal output from the current view.
history
Displays commands previously entered in the shell.
which node
Displays the executable path used for a command.
man command
Opens the manual page for commands that provide system documentation.